Authorization

TinyBrain provides comprehensive authorization templates and access control patterns for security professionals.

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

User Roles

• Administrator: Full system access and configuration
• Security Analyst: Access to security assessments and findings
• Penetration Tester: Access to testing tools and exploit development
• Intelligence Analyst: Access to intelligence gathering and analysis
• Incident Responder: Access to incident response tools and data
• Auditor: Read-only access for compliance and auditing

Permission Matrix

| Role | Create | Read | Update | Delete | Admin | |——|——–|——|——–|——–|——-| | Administrator | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | Security Analyst | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | Penetration Tester | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | Intelligence Analyst | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | Incident Responder | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | Auditor | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |

Hierarchical Roles

• Senior Security Analyst: Can manage junior analysts
• Team Lead: Can assign tasks and review work
• Project Manager: Can oversee multiple assessments
• Executive: High-level reporting and decision making

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

User Attributes

• Security Clearance: Unclassified, Confidential, Secret, Top Secret
• Department: Security, IT, Management, Legal
• Location: On-site, Remote, Field
• Certification: CISSP, CISM, CEH, OSCP
• Experience Level: Junior, Mid-level, Senior, Expert

Resource Attributes

• Classification Level: Public, Internal, Confidential, Secret
• Data Type: Intelligence, Vulnerability, Exploit, Report
• Sensitivity: Low, Medium, High, Critical
• Owner: Individual, Team, Department, Organization
• Retention Period: 30 days, 1 year, 5 years, Permanent

Environment Attributes

• Time: Business hours, After hours, Weekends
• Location: Office, Remote, Field, Client site
• Network: Internal, VPN, Public, Air-gapped
• Device: Corporate, Personal, Mobile, Kiosk
• Risk Level: Low, Medium, High, Critical

Policy Rules

# Example ABAC Policy
rules:
  - name: "Intelligence Access"
    condition: |
      user.clearance >= resource.classification AND
      user.department == "Security" AND
      environment.time in ["business_hours", "after_hours"] AND
      environment.network == "internal"
    action: "allow"
    
  - name: "High Sensitivity Data"
    condition: |
      resource.sensitivity == "critical" AND
      user.certification in ["CISSP", "CISM"] AND
      user.experience_level in ["senior", "expert"]
    action: "allow"
    
  - name: "Remote Access"
    condition: |
      environment.location == "remote" AND
      environment.device == "corporate" AND
      environment.network == "VPN"
    action: "allow"

Discretionary Access Control (DAC)

Owner Permissions

• Full Control: Complete access to owned resources
• Modify: Change content and metadata
• Read: View content and metadata
• Execute: Run scripts and tools
• Delete: Remove resources

Group Permissions

• Security Team: Access to security-related resources
• Intelligence Team: Access to intelligence data
• Management Team: Access to reports and summaries
• Audit Team: Read-only access to all resources
• External Team: Limited access to specific resources

Other Permissions

• Public Read: Anyone can read the resource
• Authenticated Read: Any authenticated user can read
• No Access: Resource is private to owner
• Custom: Specific permissions for specific users

Permission Inheritance

• Parent Directory: Permissions inherited from parent
• Group Membership: Permissions from group membership
• Role Assignment: Permissions from assigned roles
• Explicit Override: Specific permissions override inherited

Access Control Lists (ACL)

ACL Structure

# Example ACL for Intelligence Finding
resource: "intelligence_finding_123"
permissions:
  - user: "analyst_john"
    permissions: ["read", "update"]
    granted_by: "admin_sarah"
    granted_at: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
    expires_at: "2024-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    
  - group: "security_team"
    permissions: ["read"]
    granted_by: "admin_sarah"
    granted_at: "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
    expires_at: null
    
  - role: "intelligence_analyst"
    permissions: ["read", "create", "update"]
    granted_by: "system"
    granted_at: "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"
    expires_at: null

ACL Management

• Grant Access: Add new permissions
• Revoke Access: Remove existing permissions
• Modify Access: Change permission levels
• Audit Access: Review current permissions
• Expire Access: Set expiration dates

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Authentication Factors

• Something You Know: Password, PIN, Passphrase
• Something You Have: Token, Smart Card, Mobile Device
• Something You Are: Biometric (Fingerprint, Face, Voice)
• Somewhere You Are: Location-based authentication
• Something You Do: Behavioral patterns

MFA Implementation

# MFA Configuration
mfa:
  required_for:
    - "high_sensitivity_data"
    - "admin_functions"
    - "remote_access"
    - "data_export"
  
  methods:
    - type: "totp"
      provider: "google_authenticator"
      required: true
    - type: "sms"
      provider: "twilio"
      required: false
    - type: "hardware_token"
      provider: "yubikey"
      required: false
    - type: "biometric"
      provider: "windows_hello"
      required: false

Session Management

Session Types

• Interactive Session: User actively using the system
• API Session: Programmatic access via API
• Service Session: Background service access
• Batch Session: Bulk processing access
• Emergency Session: Emergency access procedures

Session Security

• Session Timeout: Automatic logout after inactivity
• Concurrent Sessions: Limit number of active sessions
• Session Binding: Bind sessions to IP addresses
• Session Encryption: Encrypt session data
• Session Monitoring: Monitor for suspicious activity

Session Lifecycle

1. Authentication: User authenticates with credentials
2. Authorization: System checks user permissions
3. Session Creation: Create secure session token
4. Activity Monitoring: Track user activities
5. Session Renewal: Extend session if needed
6. Session Termination: End session on logout/timeout

Audit and Compliance

Audit Logging

• Access Events: Who accessed what and when
• Permission Changes: When permissions were modified
• Authentication Events: Login/logout attempts
• Data Modifications: What data was changed
• System Events: System configuration changes

Compliance Standards

• SOX: Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance
• HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
• PCI DSS: Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
• GDPR: General Data Protection Regulation
• ISO 27001: Information Security Management Systems

Audit Reports

• Access Reports: Who has access to what
• Permission Reports: Current permission matrix
• Activity Reports: User activity summaries
• Compliance Reports: Compliance status reports
• Risk Reports: Security risk assessments

Best Practices

Design Principles

• Least Privilege: Grant minimum necessary permissions
• Separation of Duties: Separate conflicting responsibilities
• Defense in Depth: Multiple layers of security
• Fail Secure: Deny access on system failure
• Regular Review: Periodic permission reviews

Implementation Guidelines

• Role Design: Design roles based on job functions
• Permission Granularity: Fine-grained permission control
• Regular Audits: Regular access reviews and audits
• Documentation: Document all access control decisions
• Training: Train users on access control policies

Monitoring and Alerting

• Privilege Escalation: Alert on privilege changes
• Unusual Access: Alert on unusual access patterns
• Failed Authentication: Alert on failed login attempts
• Permission Changes: Alert on permission modifications
• Compliance Violations: Alert on policy violations